RAG Demo

Tag: Semolina

  • Rava Upma

    Upma began as a South Indian breakfast, the name coming from the Tamil and Kannada words for salt and flour, and today it is cooked in kitchens, canteens and hostels across India. Its appeal is speed: roasted semolina, a tempering and boiling water produce a filling, warm breakfast in under 20 minutes.

    Well-made upma is soft and fluffy, not lumpy or gluey. The rava is roasted until it smells nutty, and the tempering of mustard seeds, urad dal, chana dal, curry leaves, ginger and green chilli gives crunch and aroma. Vegetables, cashews and a spoon of ghee make it more substantial, and a squeeze of lemon brightens it.

    At a glance

    RegionPan-Indian
    CuisineSouth Indian
    DietVegetarian
    CourseBreakfast
    Prep time10 minutes
    Cook time15 minutes
    Total time25 minutes
    Serves3
    Spice levelMild
    DifficultyEasy
    Gluten-freeNo
    Key ingredientssemolina / onion / curry leaves / ginger

    Ingredients

    • 1 cup bombay rava (medium semolina)
    • 2 tbsp oil
    • 1 tbsp ghee
    • 1 tsp mustard seeds
    • 1 tsp urad dal
    • 1 tsp chana dal
    • 8 cashews, halved
    • 10 curry leaves
    • 1 tsp grated ginger
    • 2 green chillies, chopped
    • 1 onion, finely chopped
    • 1 small carrot, diced
    • 1/4 cup green peas
    • 2 3/4 cups water
    • 1 tsp salt
    • 1/2 tsp sugar
    • 2 tbsp chopped coriander
    • 1 tbsp lemon juice

    Method

    1. Dry-roast the rava in a kadhai on medium-low heat for 5-6 minutes, stirring constantly, until it smells nutty and looks slightly pale golden. Transfer to a plate.
    2. Heat oil and ghee in the same kadhai. Add mustard seeds and let them splutter, then urad dal, chana dal and cashews. Fry for 1 minute until golden.
    3. Add curry leaves, ginger and green chillies and fry for 20 seconds. Add the onion and cook for 3 minutes until translucent.
    4. Add carrot and peas and cook for 2 minutes.
    5. Pour in the water, add salt and sugar, and bring to a rolling boil on high heat.
    6. Lower the heat and add the roasted rava in a thin stream with one hand while stirring continuously with the other, so no lumps form.
    7. Cover and cook on the lowest heat for 2-3 minutes until the rava absorbs all the water and turns soft.
    8. Add coriander, lemon juice and a teaspoon of ghee, fluff with a fork and serve hot.

    Tips

    • The water-to-rava ratio decides the texture: 2 3/4 cups gives soft, spoonable upma; use 2 cups for a firmer, grainy version.
    • Properly roasted rava is the difference between fluffy and sticky upma.
    • Upma firms up as it cools; sprinkle hot water and reheat covered.

    Serve with

    Coconut chutney, a little sugar, or with filter coffee.

  • Rava Kesari

    Rava kesari is the sweet Tamil households make when guests arrive without notice or when a small offering is needed for a pooja. It takes under half an hour, uses only pantry staples, and it is the sweet served at almost every South Indian wedding breakfast alongside ven pongal and vada. The name comes from kesar, the saffron that gives it its traditional orange-gold colour.

    Well-made kesari is soft, glossy and melt-in-the-mouth, with each grain of semolina distinct and coated in ghee. It should not be gluey or dry. The flavour is buttery and sweet with cardamom, and the fried cashews add crunch. Pineapple or banana kesari are popular variations using the same base. A spoonful is often the first thing served at a South Indian wedding.

    At a glance

    RegionTamil Nadu
    CuisineTamil
    DietVegetarian
    CourseDessert
    Prep time5 minutes
    Cook time20 minutes
    Total time25 minutes
    Serves4
    Spice levelMild
    DifficultyEasy
    Gluten-freeNo
    Key ingredientssemolina / ghee / sugar / saffron / cashews

    Ingredients

    • 1 cup fine rava (Bombay rava / semolina)
    • 1/2 cup ghee, divided
    • 12 cashews, halved
    • 1 tbsp raisins
    • 2.5 cups water
    • 1 cup sugar (up to 1.25 cups if you like it sweeter)
    • a generous pinch of saffron, soaked in 2 tbsp warm milk
    • pinch of orange food colour (optional)
    • 1/2 tsp cardamom powder
    • pinch of salt

    Method

    1. Heat 2 tbsp ghee in a heavy kadai on medium-low heat. Fry the cashews until golden, then the raisins until they puff. Remove and keep aside.
    2. In the same ghee, add the rava and roast on low heat for 6-8 minutes, stirring continuously, until aromatic and each grain looks dry and separate. It should not change colour much.
    3. Meanwhile bring 2.5 cups water to a rolling boil in another pan with the saffron milk and food colour if using.
    4. Reduce the heat under the rava to the lowest setting and pour in the boiling water slowly, stirring all the time. It will splutter, so stand back.
    5. Keep stirring for 2-3 minutes until the rava absorbs all the water and turns thick. Cover and cook on low heat for 2 minutes so it cooks through.
    6. Add the sugar and a pinch of salt. The mixture will loosen and turn liquid again; keep stirring on low heat for 4-5 minutes until it thickens.
    7. Add the remaining ghee a spoon at a time, stirring after each addition, until the kesari is glossy and starts to leave the sides of the pan.
    8. Stir in cardamom powder, fried cashews and raisins. Serve warm, or press into a greased plate and cut into pieces once set.

    Tips

    • Add sugar only after the rava is fully cooked; sugar added earlier stops the semolina from softening.
    • The water must be boiling when added, or the kesari turns lumpy.
    • Use 1:2.5 rava to water for soft kesari, 1:2 if you want firm pieces that can be cut.

    Serve with

    Ven pongal and medu vada for a classic South Indian festive breakfast.