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Tag: Victorian

  • Wuthering Heights

    In 1801 a new tenant, Mr Lockwood, visits his landlord Heathcliff at the isolated farmhouse of Wuthering Heights and finds a hostile, strange household. Snowbound for the night, he has a terrifying dream at a window, and back at his rented house the housekeeper Nelly Dean begins to tell him the history behind it.

    Years earlier, Mr Earnshaw brought home a dark-skinned orphan boy from the streets of Liverpool and named him Heathcliff. He and Earnshaw's daughter Catherine grew up inseparable on the moors, while her brother Hindley came to hate the newcomer. The neighbouring Linton family of Thrushcross Grange, refined and wealthy, enters their lives and offers Catherine a very different future, setting off a chain of resentment and revenge.

    The layered narration, told mostly through Nelly and Lockwood, and the novel's raw violence and passion puzzled early critics. Emily Bronte died a year after publication. It is now regarded as one of the most original novels in English, a study of obsession, class and the untamed landscape that mirrors its characters.

    Book details

    AuthorEmily Bronte
    First published1847
    Original languageEnglish
    GenreClassic
    TypeFiction
    Pages (approx.)416
    SettingYorkshire moors, England, late 18th century to 1802

    Themes

    • Obsessive love
    • Revenge
    • Class
    • Nature
    • Inheritance

    Who should read it

    Readers drawn to dark, intense love stories and unconventional storytelling rather than tidy romance.

    If you liked this, try

    • Jane Eyre
    • Rebecca
    • Tess of the d'Urbervilles

  • Great Expectations

    Pip is an orphan raised by his harsh older sister and her kind husband, the blacksmith Joe Gargery, in the Kent marshes. One evening in the churchyard he is seized by an escaped convict and forced to steal food for him, an encounter that will echo through his life. Soon afterwards he is summoned to Satis House to play with Estella, the cold, beautiful ward of the jilted Miss Havisham, who still wears her wedding dress and has stopped every clock.

    Ashamed of his common origins, Pip longs to be worthy of Estella. When a lawyer announces that an unnamed benefactor has given him great expectations of fortune, he moves to London to be educated as a gentleman and assumes Miss Havisham is responsible. City life brings friendship with Herbert Pocket, snobbery and debt, and growing coldness towards Joe.

    Narrated by an older Pip looking back on his younger self, the novel is one of Dickens's most tightly constructed works, mixing comedy, mystery and moral reckoning about class, ambition, loyalty and guilt. Characters such as the lawyer Jaggers, his clerk Wemmick with his castle in Walworth, and the decaying Miss Havisham are among the most vivid Dickens ever created.

    Book details

    AuthorCharles Dickens
    First published1861
    Original languageEnglish
    GenreClassic
    TypeFiction
    Pages (approx.)505
    SettingKent and London, England, early 19th century

    Themes

    • Social class
    • Ambition
    • Guilt
    • Loyalty
    • Self-improvement

    Who should read it

    Readers who want Dickens at his most compact and personal, with memorable characters and a gripping mystery.

    If you liked this, try

    • Oliver Twist
    • David Copperfield
    • Jane Eyre

  • A Tale of Two Cities

    The novel opens in 1775 as Doctor Manette is released after eighteen years of secret imprisonment in the Bastille, his mind damaged so badly that he obsessively makes shoes. His daughter Lucie, raised in England believing him dead, brings him to London, where they are drawn into the treason trial of Charles Darnay, a French emigre who has renounced his aristocratic family.

    Darnay is saved partly thanks to the dissolute barrister Sydney Carton, who looks strikingly like him and who quietly loves Lucie. Meanwhile in the Paris suburb of Saint Antoine, the wine-shop keeper Defarge and his implacable wife knit and plot as resentment against the nobility, embodied by the cruel Marquis St. Evremonde, builds towards revolution and the Terror.

    Shorter and more plot-driven than many Dickens novels, it was serialised in his weekly magazine All the Year Round in 1859. It contrasts the two cities and explores sacrifice, resurrection, mob violence and the cycle of oppression and vengeance. It is often cited as one of the best-selling novels ever published.

    Book details

    AuthorCharles Dickens
    First published1859
    Original languageEnglish
    GenreHistorical fiction
    TypeFiction
    Pages (approx.)448
    SettingLondon and Paris, 1775-1793

    Themes

    • Revolution
    • Sacrifice
    • Resurrection
    • Injustice
    • Doubles

    Who should read it

    Readers who like historical drama and want a Dickens novel driven by suspense and the French Revolution.

    If you liked this, try

    • Les Miserables
    • The Scarlet Pimpernel
    • Great Expectations

  • Dracula

    Jonathan Harker, a young English solicitor, travels to the Carpathian Mountains to help Count Dracula complete the purchase of an estate near London. His host is courteous but strange, and Harker gradually realises he is a prisoner in a castle where the Count crawls down walls and three spectral women haunt the rooms.

    The story then moves to England, where Harker's fiancee Mina and her friend Lucy Westenra become entangled in a series of disturbing events after a ship runs aground at Whitby with its crew dead. Lucy's suitors, the asylum doctor John Seward, the American Quincey Morris and Arthur Holmwood, call in the Dutch professor Abraham Van Helsing, whose knowledge of folklore and science may be their only defence.

    Told through diaries, letters, newspaper cuttings and phonograph records, the novel creates suspense from fragments that the characters must piece together. It drew on Eastern European vampire legend and Victorian anxieties about sexuality, disease, immigration and modern technology, and its count became the template for the vampire in popular culture.

    Book details

    AuthorBram Stoker
    First published1897
    Original languageEnglish
    GenreHorror
    TypeFiction
    Pages (approx.)418
    SettingTransylvania, Whitby and London, 1890s

    Themes

    • Good and evil
    • Sexuality
    • Fear of the foreign
    • Science versus superstition
    • Modernity

    Who should read it

    Horror fans who want the original vampire novel and readers who enjoy stories pieced together from documents.

    If you liked this, try

    • Frankenstein
    • Carmilla
    • The Picture of Dorian Gray

  • Jane Eyre

    Jane Eyre is an orphan raised resentfully by her aunt at Gateshead Hall, where she is bullied by her cousins and locked in a room she believes is haunted. Sent away to Lowood, a harsh charity school run by a hypocritical clergyman, she endures cold, hunger and disease but gains an education and a lasting friendship that shapes her moral outlook.

    As a young woman she takes a post as governess at Thornfield Hall, teaching the French ward of Edward Rochester, a moody, sardonic gentleman. A strong bond grows between them, but the house holds mysteries: strange laughter in the upper corridors, a fire in the night and a secret that tests Jane's principles. Later sections take her across the moors and into the household of the austere clergyman St John Rivers.

    Told in Jane's own intimate, passionate first-person voice, the novel was startling in 1847 for its plain heroine who insists on equality of spirit with the man she loves. It blends Gothic atmosphere with a coming-of-age story and remains central to discussions of women's independence in fiction.

    Book details

    AuthorCharlotte Bronte
    First published1847
    Original languageEnglish
    GenreClassic
    TypeFiction
    Pages (approx.)500
    SettingNorthern England, early 19th century

    Themes

    • Independence
    • Moral integrity
    • Class
    • Love
    • Religion

    Who should read it

    Readers who want a Gothic-tinged love story with a heroine who refuses to compromise her self-respect.

    If you liked this, try

    • Wuthering Heights
    • Rebecca
    • Wide Sargasso Sea